Industrial and authorial explorations in Chilefilms movies made by Argentine directors in the 1940s

Dixit, 32, Enero-Junio del 2020 pag. 16-32. https://doi.org/10.22235/d.vi32.2005 

Autor: Alejandro Kelly-Hopfenblatt 

Keywords: Cine clásico latinoamericano; industria cinematográfica; trashumancia; modernidad; Chilefilms.

Abstract: In the decade of 1940 different Latin American countries developed national film industries whose activities implied a constant tension between nationalistic intentions and cosmopolitan productions. Chilefilms is a noteworthy case of study due to its history and some of the movies it produced, mainly two film directed by Argentine filmmakers: La casa está vacía, by Carlos Schlieper, and La dama de la muerte, by Carlos Hugo Christensen. Taking these productions as a starting point,  this article looks into historiography’s traditional concepts in order to propose alternative approaches that will enrichen Latin American classical cinema studies. Therefore, their divergences with classical  cinema are considered through their time-space construction and their narrative lines, focusing on their  detour from generic and authorial traditions.

Resumen: Durante la década de 1940 distintos países latinoamericanos desarrollaron industrias cinematográficas nacionales en procesos que implicaron una marcada tensión entre los impulsos nacionalistas de sus intenciones y las improntas cosmopolitas de sus producciones. El caso de Chilefilms resulta de gran interés tanto por la historia de su producción como por las características de algunas de sus realizaciones, especialmente dos películas realizadas por directores argentinos: La casa está vacía, de Carlos Schlieper, y La dama de la muerte, de Carlos Hugo Christensen. Este artículo propone reconsiderar, a partir de estos films, los conceptos utilizados tradicionalmente por la historiografía para postular una aproximación alternativa que enriquezca los estudios de la historia fílmica latinoamericana. Para ello se plantea indagar en las divergencias que supusieron con respecto al cine clásico, a partir de un análisis de su construcción espacio-temporal y sus ejes narrativos para resaltar sus desvíos de tradiciones genéricas y autorales.

Idioma: español. 

Publicaciones: Enero-Junio del 2020. 

Volumen: Dixit, 32, Enero-Junio del 2020 pag. 16-32. 

Enlace Permanente:

Expulsión sin salida: la guerra en Gaza, un año después

CIDOB Notes Internacional, Oct. 2024; https://doi.org/10.24241/NotesInt.2024/309/es 

Autor: 

1. Garcés, Blanca; investigadora sénior, CIDOB; bgarces@cidob.org;  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-3964  
2. Porfirione, Giulia; asistente de investigación, CIDOB.  

Keywords: Gaza; guerra; desplazamiento forzado, geopolítica; derecho internacional. 

Resumen: El primer año de guerra en Gaza ha llevado al desplazamiento forzado del 85% de la población. A pesar de ser un elemento central del conflicto, existen pocos análisis desde esta perspectiva. La singularidad de este desplazamiento es triple: el conflicto tiene como objetivo la expulsión; el propósito de la expulsión es la expansión sobre el territorio; y la expulsión pretende ser definitiva, descartando la posibilidad del retorno. Estos tres aspectos han sido una constante en la historia del pueblo palestino desde la creación del Estado de Israel en 1948. Gaza ilustra el fracaso estrepitoso del derecho internacional, tanto en el ámbito humanitario como en el del asilo. ¿Qué ha fallado? ¿Cómo explicar lo injustificable?

Idioma: español. 

Publicación: CIDOB notes internacional. Oct. 2024. 

Volumen: Octubre del 2024.  

Enlace Permanente

Inteligencia artificial y periodismo: una herramienta contra la desinformación

Publicaciones CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals n.º 124, Desinformación y poder: la crisis de los intermediarios, p. 49-72, doi.org/10.24241/rcai.2020.124.1.49

Autor: 

1. Juan Luis Manfredi Sánchez; Profesor de Periodismo internacional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.  juan.manfredi@uclm.es; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-2907
2. María José Ufarte Ruiz; Profesora de Redacción periodística, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Mariajose.ufarte@uclm.es; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7713-8003

Keywords: periodismo; inteligencia artificial (IA); desinformación; propaganda; censura; ciudadanía. 

Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on journalism and disinformation. To achieve this, methodological design begins with a review of the scientific literature that is complemented by the analysis of three interrelated perspectives: journalistic, economic and ethical. The results reveal disinformation to be a polysemic phenomenon, complicating the design of public policies to counter it. AI’s emergence presents an opportunity to contribute to this and develop the concept of citizenship along three lines: 1) improving the state of professional journalism; 2) managing privacy; and 3) an ethical approach to technological development, which helps make informative decision-making conscious and free from biases. 

Resumen: Este trabajo investiga el impacto de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en el periodismo y en la desinformación. El diseño metodológico para alcanzar este propósito parte de la revisión de la literatura científica y se complementa con el análisis de tres perspectivas interrelacionadas: la periodística, la económica y la ética. Los resultados revelan que la desinformación es un fenómeno polisémico, lo que dificulta el diseño de una política pública para contrarrestarla. Sin embargo, la IA aparece como una oportunidad para contribuir a ello y desarrollar el concepto de ciudadanía, en tres ejes: 1) la mejora del estado del periodismo profesional, 2) el manejo de la privacidad y 3) el planteamiento ético del desarrollo tecnológico, que contribuya a que las decisiones informativas sean conscientes y alejadas de los sesgos. 

Idioma: español. 

Publicación: Mayo del 2020. 

Volumen: Publicaciones CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals n.º 124, Desinformación y poder: la crisis de los intermediarios, p. 49-72.  

Enlace Permanente 

How communication can make voters choose less well

Topics in Cognitive Science, 11 (2019) 194–206, https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12401

Autor: 

1. Ulrike Hahn; Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London;  u.hahn@bbk.ac.uk; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-8589  
2. Momme von Sydow; Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, Munich; Momme@von-Sydow.de, momme.von-sydow@uni-heidelberg.de. 
3. Christoph Merdes; Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, Munich. 

Keywords: Vote aggregation; condorcet jury theorem; agent-based modeling; voting; communication.

Abstract: With the advent of social media, the last decade has seen profound changes to the way people receive information. This has fueled a debate about the ways (if any) changes to the nature of our information networks might be affecting voters’ beliefs about the world, voting results, and, ultimately, democracy. At the same time, much discussion in the public arena in recent years has concerned the notion that ill-informed voters have been voting against their own self-interest. The research reported here brings these two strands together: simulations involving agent-based models, interpreted through the formal framework of Condorcet's (1785) jury theorem, demonstrate how changes to information networks may make voter error more likely, even though individual competence has largely remained unchanged. 

Idioma: inglés  

Publicación: 25 de diciembre del 2018

Volumen: Topics in Cognitive Science, 11 (2019) 194–206.  

Enlace Permanente

Populism in the era of Twitter: How social media contextualized new insights into an old phenomenon

 New Media & Society, Volume 22, Issue 4; https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819893978

Autor: 

1. Homero Gil de Zúñiga, University of Salamanca, Spain; Pennsylvania State University, USA; homero.gildezuniga@mail.udp.cl; hgz@usal.es; hgzn@psu.edu; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-3604 
2. Karolina Koc Michalska; Audencia Business School, France; kkocmichalska@audencia.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5354-5616  
3. Andrea Römmele; Hertie School of Governance, Germany; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-2513

Keywords: Populism; social media, twitter, facebook, democracy.  

Abstract: With the advent of social media, political communication scholars have systematically revised theories and empirical corollaries revolving media use and democracy at large. Interestingly, in about the same period of time, a reinvigorated political populism trend has taken place across different latitudes in the world. This widespread populist movement has expanded regardless of whether these political systems were established democracies, emerging democracies, or societies immersed in political contexts at peril. This essay serves as the introductory piece to a special issue on populism. First, it highlights the ways in which “populism,” being an old phenomenon, has further transpired into the political realm in the era of social media. Second, the essay seeks to better contextualize what populism is and how it has developed within today’s hybrid media society. Finally, this introduction also lays out the ground to six central theoretical and data-driven papers that encapsulate many of the important issues revolving the phenomenon of populism today.

Idioma: inglés

Publicación: 29 de septiembre del 2021. 

Volumen: New Media & Society, Volume 22, Issue 4. 

Enlace Permanente 

Measuring the news and its impact on democracy

PNAS 2021 Vol. 118 No. 15 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912443118

Autor: 

1. Duncan J. Watts; Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Operations, Information, and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; djwatts@seas.upenn.edu. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-4961?
2. David M. Rothschild; Microsoft Research, New York.
3. Markus Mobius, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.  

Abstract: Since the 2016 US presidential election, the deliberate spread of misinformation online, and on social media in particular, has generated extraordinary concern, in large part because of its potential effects on public opinion, political polarization, and ultimately democratic decision making. Recently, however, a handful of papers have argued that both the prevalence and consumption of "fake news" per se is extremely low compared with other types of news and news-relevant content. Although neither prevalence nor consumption is a direct measure of influence, this work suggests that proper understanding of misinformation and its effects requires a much broader view of the problem, encompassing biased and misleading"but not necessarily factually incorrect"information that is routinely produced or amplified by mainstream news organizations. In this paper, we propose an ambitious collective research agenda to measure the origins, nature, and prevalence of misinformation, broadly construed, as well as its impact on democracy. We also sketch out some illustrative examples of completed, ongoing, or planned research projects that contribute to this agenda.

Idioma: inglés.

Publicación: 9 de abril del 2021

Volumen: PNAS 2021 Vol. 118 No. 15

Enlace Permanente

Scientific and subversive: The two faces of the fourth era of political campaigning

New Media & Society, Volume 22, Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448198939

Autor: 

1. Andrea Roemmele; Hertie School, Germany; roemmele@hertie-school.org; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-2513
2. Rachel Gibson; The University of Manchester, UK; rachel.gibson@manchester.ac.uk; 

Keywords: campaigns; social media; big data; populism

Abstract: This article sets out the case that democracies are now entering a 4th phase of ‘Data-driven’ Political Campaigning. Building on the existing campaigns literature, we identify several key shifts in practice that define the new phase. Namely: (1) an organizational and strategic dependency on digital technology and ‘big data’ ; (2) a reliance on networked communication; (3) the individualized micro-targeting of campaign messages; and (4) the internationalization of the campaign sphere. Departing from prior studies, we also argue that the new phase is distinguished by a bifurcation into two variants – the scientific and subversive. While sharing a common core these two modes differ in that the former retains a commitment to the normative goals of campaigning, i.e. to mobilise and inform voters while the latter explicitly rejects and subverts these aims, focusing instead on demobilization and the spread of misinformation. Both are presented as abstract or ‘ideal’ types although we do point to how features of each have appeared in recent election campaigns by mainstream and populist parties. We conclude by discussing the implications of these trends for the longer term future health of democracy.  

Idioma: inglés.

Publicación: 2 de abril del 2020  

Volumen: New Media & Society, Volume 22, Issue 4.   

Solicitar Documento a fceibiblioteca@uchile.cl 

Rethinking journalist-politician relations in the age of populism: How outsider politicians delegitimize mainstream journalists

 Journalism, vol 22 issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919887822

Autor: Van Dalen, Arjen; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; avd@sam.sdu.dk; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5785-2245 

Keywords: Key words: Journalist-politician relations; political communication culture; delegitimation; legitimacy; mainstream; outsider. 

Abstract: The relation between journalists and politicians in liberal democracy is traditionally conceptualized as highly institutionalized, based on mutual dependence, and grounded in a shared culture of jointly respected role relations. While this conceptualization provides a fruitful framework to understand the relation between mainstream journalists and politicians, it falls short in explaining the way outsider politicians, such as Beppe Grillo, Donald Trump, Thierry Baudet or Nigel Farage address the mainstream media. Thus, this paper rethinks the relation between journalists and politicians in the light of the Western political-media environment in the 2010s, where the rise of authoritarian populism, the fragmentation of media audiences, and the fading boundaries around the journalistic profession have substantially changed media-politics relations. The paper aims to make a theoretical contribution by conceptualizing the relation between outsider politicians and mainstream journalists as an ongoing negotiation over legitimacy. Central in this conceptualization is a classification of five strategies which outsider politicians use to delegitimize mainstream journalists: attacking their character; connecting them with other institutions which are seen as illegitimate; attacking their ethical standards; challenging the claim that journalists work in the public interest; and questioning the beneficial consequences of their work. The consequences of these delegitimation strategies are discussed.  

Idioma: inglés. 

Publicación: 12 de Noviembre del 2019. 

Volumen: Journalism, vol 22 issue 11.

Enlace Permanente

Disinformation and the Structural Transformations of the Public Arena: Addressing the Actual Challenges to Democracy

Social Media + Society, January-March 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121988

Autor: 

1. Andreas Jungherr; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; andreas.jungherr@gmail.com;  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2598-2453
2. Ralph Schroeder; University of Oxford, UK; ralph.schroeder@oii.ox.ac.uk;  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4229-1585

Keywords: public arena; journalism; gatekeepers; social structures; disinformation. 

Abstract: Current debate is dominated by fears of the threats of digital technology for democracy. One typical example is the perceived threats of malicious actors promoting disinformation through digital channels to sow confusion and exacerbate political divisions. The prominence of the threat of digital disinformation in the public imagination, however, is not supported by empirical findings which instead indicate that disinformation is a limited problem with limited reach among the public. Its prominence in public discourse is instead best understood as a “moral panic.” In this article, we argue that we should shift attention from these evocative but empirically marginal phenomena of deviance connected with digital media toward the structural transformations that give rise to these fears, namely those that have impacted information flows and attention allocation in the public arena. This account centers on structural transformations of the public arena and associated new challenges, especially in relation to gatekeepers, old and new. How the public arena serves actually existing democracy will not be addressed by focusing on disinformation, but rather by addressing structural transformations and the new challenges that arise from these. 

Idioma: inglés. 

Publicación: 21 de enero del 2021.  

Volumen: Social Media + Society, January-March 2021.

Enlace Permanente 

Especial highly cited paper: The catastrophic effects of groundwater intensive exploitation and Megadrought on aquifers in Central Chile: Global change impact projections in water resources based on groundwater balance modeling.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 914, 1 March 2024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169651

Autor: 

1. J. Jódar: Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IGME-CSIC, España; j.jodar@igme.es; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-0303 View this author’s ORCID profile
2. J. Urrutia: Center for Research and Development of Water Ecosystems, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile; javier.urrutia@uantof.cl; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7598-5471 View this author’s ORCID profile
3. C. Herrera; Center for Research and Development of Water Ecosystems, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; christian.herrera@ubo.cl;  https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1800-0765
4. E. Custodio; Real Academia de Ciencias de España, España; Emeritus Professor Groundwater Hydrology Group, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (iUNAT), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; emilio.custodio@upc.edu
5. S. Martos-Rosillo; Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IGME-CSIC, España; s.martos@igme.es; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-7789
6. L.J. Lambán; Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IGME-CSIC, Spain; javier.lamban@igme.es; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-7789

Keywords: Groundwater depletion, Groundwater management, Groundwater governance, Sustainability, Anthropogenic drought. 

Abstract: Central Chile is undergoing its most severe drought since 2010, affecting ecosystems, water supply, agriculture, and industrial uses. The government's short-term measures, such as increasing groundwater extraction (by 383 % from 1997 to 2022), are exacerbating the situation, leading to long-term hydrological deterioration. The objective of this research is to establish the main processes driving the water table depth evolution within Central Chile over the period 1979–2023. This is done by conducting groundwater balances on five major hydrological basins of Central Chile. For the Megadrought (MD) period (2010−2022), the groundwater level depths reflect not only the recharge variability but, especially, the forcing trend of groundwater withdrawals: they represent 35 % and 65 %, respectively, of the total phreatic level drawdown. This result underlines the dominant role played by groundwater withdrawals in the current delicate state of Central Chile's groundwater resources, while revealing that drought is a new complex phenomenon to deal with, in the midterm, to revert the current water resource trend in Central Chile. Our study moreover presents the impact of climate change in the basin in the framework of six different groundwater withdrawal scenarios. In the worst case (i.e., RCP8.5), the aquifer recharge decreases 18 % with respect to 1979–1997, which is the period assumed to be unaffected by the impact of MD and withdrawals. Such a reduction may be irrelevant in the dynamics of the aquifer system if the current extraction rate does not change. The estimated recovery time needed to reach aquifer conditions equal to those of the unaffected period is approximately 50 years.

Idioma: inglés. 

Publicación: 28 de diciembre del 2023. 

Volumen: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 914, 1 March 2024.

Enlace Permanente: 

"TAKING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE ROOM" HOW POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS USE SOCIAL MEDIA TO UNDERSTAND AND REPRESENT PUBLIC OPINION

Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 84, Issue S1, 2020, Pages 236–256, https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfaa012

Autor: McGregor, Shannon C; Hussman School of Journalism, University of North Carolina, Carroll Hall, Chapel Hill, North California, USA; shannon.c.mcgregor@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3275-0397

Abstract: For most of the twentieth century, public opinion was nearly analogous with polling. Enter social media, which has upended the social, technical, and communication contingencies upon which public opinion is constructed. This study documents how political professionals turn to social media to understand the public, charting important implications for the practice of campaigning as well as the study of public opinion itself. An analysis of in-depth interviews with 13 professionals from 2016 US presidential campaigns details how they use social media to understand and represent public opinion. I map these uses of social media onto a theoretical model, accounting for quantitative and qualitative measurement, for instrumental and symbolic purposes. Campaigns’ use of social media data to infer and symbolize public opinion is a new development in the relationship between campaigns and supporters. These new tools and symbols of public opinion are shaped by campaigns and drive press coverage (McGregor 2019), highlighting the hybrid logic of the political media system (Chadwick 2017). The model I present brings much-needed attention to qualitative data, a novel aspect of social media in understanding public opinion. The use of social media data to understand the public, for all its problems of representativeness, may provide a retort to long-standing criticisms of surveys—specifically that surveys do not reveal hierarchical, social, or public aspects of opinion formation (Blumer 1948; Herbst 1998; Cramer 2016). This model highlights a need to explicate what can—and cannot—be understood about public opinion via social media.

Idioma: inglés. 

Publicación: 15 de julio del 2020

Volumen: Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 84, Issue S1, 2020, Pages 236–256.

Enlace Permanente

How behavioural sciences can promote truth, autonomy and democratic discourse online

Nature Human Behaviour, vol 4 noviembre 2020; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0889-7

Autor: 

1. Philipp Lorenz-Spreen ; Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; lorenz-spreen@mpib-berlin.mpg.de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6319-4154
2. Stephan Lewandowsky ; School of Psychological Science and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; stephan.lewandowsky@bristol.ac.uk; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-2013
3. Cass R. Sunstein; Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA, USA; csunstei@law.harvard.edu;  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-3008
4. Ralph Hertwig; Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; hertwig@mpib-berlin.mpg.de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9908-9556

Keywords: Communication, decision making, psychology, science, technology, social policy. 

Abstract: Public opinion is shaped in significant part by online content, spread via social media and curated algorithmically. The current online ecosystem has been designed predominantly to capture user attention rather than to promote deliberate cognition and autonomous choice; information overload, finely tuned personalization and distorted social cues, in turn, pave the way for manipulation and the spread of false information. How can transparency and autonomy be promoted instead, thus fostering the positive potential of the web? Effective web governance informed by behavioural research is critically needed to empower individuals online. We identify technologically available yet largely untapped cues that can be harnessed to indicate the epistemic quality of online content, the factors underlying algorithmic decisions and the degree of consensus in online debates. We then map out two classes of behavioural interventions—nudging and boosting— that enlist these cues to redesign online environments for informed and autonomous choice.

Idioma: inglés. 

Publicación: 15 de junio del 2020

Volumen: Nature Human Behaviour Vol 4, November 2020.  

Enlace Permanente

Resilience to online disinformation: A framework for cross-national comparative research

 

The International Journal of Press/Politics, volumen 25 issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219900126 

Autor: 

1. Humprecht, Edda; University of Zurich; edda.humprecht@uzh.ch; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8127-2088
2. Esser, Frank; University of Zurich; frank.esser@uni-mainz.de;  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-1521
3. Van-Aelst, Peter; University of Antwerp, Belgium; vanaelst@uia.ac.be;  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2548-0309    

Keywords: online disinformation, theoretical framework, resilience, cross-national comparison, cluster analysis. 

Abstract: Online disinformation is considered a major challenge for modern democracies. It is widely understood as misleading content produced to generate profits, pursue political goals, or maliciously deceive. Our starting point is the assumption that some countries are more resilient to online disinformation than others. To understand what conditions influence this resilience we choose a comparative cross-national approach. In the first step, we develop a theoretical framework that presents these country conditions as theoretical dimensions. In the second step, we translate the dimensions into quantifiable indicators that allow us to measure their significance on a comparative cross-country basis. In the third part of the study, we empirically examine 18 Western democracies. A cluster analysis yields three country groups: one group with high resilience to online disinformation (including the Northern European systems, for instance) and two country groups with low resilience (including the polarized Southern European countries and the United States). In the final part, we discuss the heuristic value of the framework for comparative political communication research in the age of information pollution. 

Idioma: inglés. 

Publicación: 24 de enero del 2020 (publicación electrónica) 

Volumen: The International Journal of Press/Politics, volumen 25 issue 3. 

Enlace permanente:  

Evaluating the fake news problem at the scale of the information ecosystem

Science Advances vol 6, issue 14; https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay3539

Autor:

1. Jennifer Allen; MIT Sloan School of Management, 100 Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 021, USA; jnallen@mit.edu; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9827-9147
2. Baird Howland; Harmony Labs, New York, USA. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-8101
3. Markus Mobius; Microsoft Research New England, 1 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; mobius@fas.harvard.edu; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4725-7896
4. David Rothschild; Microsoft Research New York, 641 Avenue of the Americas, 7th Floor, New York, USA; david@researchdmr.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7792-1989
5. Duncan J. Watts; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; djw24@columbia.edu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-4961

Abstract: “Fake news,” broadly defined as false or misleading information masquerading as legitimate news, is frequently asserted to be pervasive online with serious consequences for democracy. Using a unique multimode dataset that comprises a nationally representative sample of mobile, desktop, and television consumption, we refute this conventional wisdom on three levels. First, news consumption of any sort is heavily outweighed by other forms of media consumption, comprising at most 14.2% of Americans’ daily media diets. Second, to the extent that Americans do consume news, it is overwhelmingly from television, which accounts for roughly five times as much as news consumption as online. Third, fake news comprises only 0.15% of Americans’ daily media diet. Our results suggest that the origins of public misinformedness and polarization are more likely to lie in the content of ordinary news or the avoidance of news altogether as they are in overt fakery.

Idioma: Inglés

Publicación: 03 de abril del 2020

Volumen: Science Advances, vol 6 issue 14. 

Enlace Permanente: 

¿Quién va a filmar la Historia? Artificio y heterocronía en El movimiento de Benjamín Naishtat

Dixit. Comunicación, Profesión, Conocimiento vol 36 issue 1, enero-junio 2022. https://doi.org/10.22235/d.v36i1.2790 

Autor: Iván Zgaib, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; jizivan@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-1832 

Keywords: cine argentino, cine latinoamericano, artificio, heterocronía, espacialidad

Abstract: El movimiento (2015) by Benjamín Naishtat is part of a constellation of recent Argentine and Latin American films that deal with the historical past, but far from being based on a plausible representation of the period, it puts the illusionist nature of the classical narrative in crisis. With the aim of thinking about the communicating vessels that El movimiento establishes with the history and present of Argentina, this article not only contemplates the discursive constructions, but especially the material surface of its images and sounds. Naishtat’s film, through a series of formal operations that exacerbate artifice, composes an abstract space and a broken temporality made of anachronisms. It is a procedure of estrangement: it attempts to trace another path, another territory, and other rhythms of time. It confronts a narrative’s form: the celebrations of the Bicentennial and the objectivist visions of certain period cinema to crystallize Argentine history.

Resumen: El movimiento (2015) de Benjamín Naishtat se inscribe en una constelación de películas argentinas y latinoamericanas recientes que aborda el pasado histórico, pero que lejos de basarse en una representación verosímil de la época, pone en crisis el carácter ilusionista de la narración clásica. Con el objetivo de pensar los vasos comunicantes que establece El movimiento  con la Historia y el presente de Argentina, este artículo no solo contempla las construcciones discursivas, sino la superficie material de sus imágenes y sonidos. El filme de Naishtat, a través de una serie de operaciones formales que exacerban el artificio, compone un espacio abstracto y una temporalidad rota hecha de anacronismos. Se trata de un procedimiento de enrarecimiento: intenta trazar otro recorrido, otro territorio y otros ritmos del tiempo. Confronta la forma de un relato: las celebraciones del Bicentenario y las visiones objetivistas de cierto cine de época para cristalizar la historia argentina.

Idioma: español. 

Publicación: 24 de mayo del 2022

Volumen: Dixit. Comunicación, Profesión, Conocimiento vol 36 issue 1, enero-junio 2022. 

Enlace Permanente